TSN standard for increased reliability through frame replication and elimination.

IEEE 802.1CB defines Frame Replication and Elimination for Reliability (FRER). The standard describes how frames are duplicated for redundant transmission, how duplicates are detected, and how they are eliminated again at the destination in order to increase reliability without classic failover. In the automotive Ethernet and logging context, this is relevant when critical data streams must arrive robustly even in the event of link or path faults.